Abstract
In a context marked by the emergence of new platforms and interfaces, digital native media face the challenge of organizing and presenting their content in an effective and eloquent way. This milestone requires ongoing work toward the identification and conceptualization of the dimensions that map the structural and formal requirements necessary for fluid communication with audiences and adequate visibility in the digital ecosystem.
This study, which adopts a quantitative–qualitative methodological design, proposes, describes, and applies a taxonomy for the analysis of digital media web interfaces. Based on a review of the literature, two rounds of expert judgment, and a pilot test, the research identifies 14 thematic dimensions, 36 indicators, and 69 variables.
The study focuses on the importance of renewing research about taxonomy related to structural dimensions that address narrative, quality, usability, information search, and content redissemination and socialization, among other aspects. The study of web interfaces applied to journalism demands long-term research work with a holistic approach that, at a conceptual and practical level, can offer proposals for analysis and diagnosis on the basis of an integrated method.
Keywords
Internet; Web; Journalism; Digital journalism; Content; Communication; Interfaces; Digital; Slow journalism; Benchmarking; Indicators; Models; Taxonomies; Quantitative analysis; Qualitative analysis; Digital native media; Cybermedia; Narrative; Quality; Usability; Search.
Introduction
The global communication ecosystem is giving increasing importance to digital native media. The migration of legacy media to the digital scene has given way to an explosion of new journalistic projects and developments conceived “from” and “for” cyberspace (Salaverría, 2020a).
In this scenario, the study of the properties of their websites, conceived as the nerve centers of their communication strategy, constitutes an important area of study and research.
Although it has not been part of the mainstream of studies in digital journalism, understanding journalism from each era requires knowledge of its foundation, that is, the scenario in which it occurs. Thus, at various points, understanding journalism implied understanding the properties of printed publications (the written press), the spoken word (radio), or the moving image (television).
Currently, the study of the digital platform (the media’s website) thus becomes essential to understand the media, especially digital native media, and their dynamics (Salaverría, 2020b). Although it lacks a dominant role at the research level, previous work in the academic literature has dealt with this subject.
The study of “what are” and “what are not” new media (Cabrera-Méndez; Codina; Salaverría, 2019) has become a recurrent line of research during the last decade (López-García et al., 2022; Salaverría; Martínez-Costa, 2021; García-Orosa; López-García; Vázquez-Herrero, 2020). The classic studies of the particularities of multimedia, hypermedia with a special emphasis on links (Landow, 1995; 1997), or information architectures (Wurman, 1997) have given way in recent years to various studies about organic positioning in search engines, innovation in formats and narratives, business models, Big Data, or trends such as slow journalism (Romero-Rodríguez, Tejedor; Castillo-Abdul, 2021; Le-Masurier, 2015; 2016; Zelizer, 2009).
The study of links and thereby hypertextuality forms part of the class of works that have the digital as a focus of study and, therefore, as one of the genuine characteristics of online journalism (Stroobant, 2019). In that paper, Stroobant looks at hyperlinks as navigational cues that can guide users through the information available in the digital ecosystem.
(…)
Read / Download
Citation
Tejedor, Santiago; Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M.; Codina, Lluís (2022). “Integrated research model for web interfaces: toward a taxonomy of quantitative and qualitative analysis for digital native media”. Profesional de la información, v. 31, n. 6, e310619. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.nov.19
Useful links
References
Al-Said, Nidal; Al-Said, Khaleel M. (2022). “The effect of visual and informational complexity of news website designs on comprehension and memorization among undergraduate students”. AI & society, v. 37, pp. 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01164-6
Bravo-Araujo, Andrea; Serrano-Puche, Javier; Novoa-Jaso, María-Fernanda (2021). “Uso del clickbait en los medios nativos digitales españoles. Un análisis de El Confidencial, El Español, Eldiario.es y Ok Diario”. Dígitos. Revista de comunicación digital, n. 7, pp. 185-210. https://doi.org/10.7203/rd.v1i7.184
Cabero-Almenara, Julio; Barroso-Osuna, Julio (2013). “La utilización del juicio de experto para la evaluación de TIC: el coeficiente de competencia experta”. Bordón. Revista de pedagogía, v. 65, n. 2, pp. 25-38. https://doi.org/10.13042/brp.2013.65202
Cabero-Almenara, Julio, Llorente-Cejudo, María-del-Carmen (2013). “La aplicación del juicio de experto como técnica de evaluación de las tecnologías de la información (TIC)”. Eduweb. Revista de tecnología de información comunicación en educación, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 11-22. https://revistaeduweb.org/index.php/eduweb/article/view/206
Cabrera-Méndez, Marga; Codina, Lluís; Salaverría, Ramón (2019). “Qué son y qué no son los nuevos medios. 70 visiones de expertos hispanos”. Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 74, pp. 1506-1520. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1396
Codina; Lluís; Pedraza, Rafael; Díaz-Noci, Javier; Rodríguez-Martínez, Ruth; Pérez-Montoro, Mario; Cavaller-Reyes, Víctor (2014). “Sistema articulado de análisis de cibermedios (SAAC): Una propuesta sobre el qué y el cómo para estudiar medios de comunicación digitales”. Hipertext.net, n. 12. https://raco.cat/index.php/Hipertext/article/view/275560
Codina, Lluís; Pedraza-Jiménez, Rafael; Guallar, Javier (2016). “Características y componentes de un sistema de análisis de medios digitales: el SAAMD”. En: Codina, Lluís; Pedraza-Jiménez, Rafael; Guallar, Javier (coords.). Calidad en sitios web. Método de análisis general, ecommerce, imágenes, hemerotecas y turismo. Barcelona: UOC, pp. 15-39. ISBN: 978 84 9064 487 4
Dowling, David O. (2022). “Interactive documentary and the reinvention of digital journalism, 2015-2020”. Convergence, v. 28, n. 3, pp. 905-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211059426
García-Orosa, Berta; López-García, Xosé; Vázquez-Herrero, Jorge (2020). “Journalism in digital native media: Beyond technological determinism”. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2702
García-Perdomo, Víctor; Magaña, María-Isabel (2020). “The adoption of technology and innovation among native online news media in Colombia”. International journal of communication, v. 14, pp. 20-40. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/12124
García-Serrano, Jesús; Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M.; Hernando-Gómez, Ángel (2019). “Análisis del ‘clickbaiting’ en los titulares de la prensa española contemporánea / Estudio de caso: diario ‘El País’ en Facebook”. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, v. 25, n. 1, pp. 197-212. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.63724
Google (2022). Search quality evaluator guidelines. https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/guidelines.raterhub.com/en//searchqualityevaluatorguidelines.pdf
Humprecht, Edda; Esser, Frank (2018). “Mapping digital journalism: Comparing 48 news websites from six countries”. Journalism, v. 19, n. 4, pp. 500-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916667872
Kim, Hyun K.; Jeon, Hwaseung; Choi, Jeongwon (2020). “How does the design element of a news website influence user experience?”. ICIC express letters, v. 14, n. 3, pp. 265-271. https://doi.org/10.24507/icicel.14.03.265
Kulkarni, Shirish; Thomas, Richard; Komorowski, Marlen; Lewis, Justin (2022). “Innovating online journalism: New ways of storytelling”. Journalism practice, first online. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2020675
Landis, J. Richard; Koch, G. Gary (1977). “The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data”. Biometrics, v. 33, pp. 159-174.
Landow, George P. (1995). Hipertexto. La convergencia de la teoría crítica contemporánea y la tecnología. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 978 8 449 30186 5
Landow, George P. (comp.) (1997). Teoría del hipertexto. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 844 9 30259 5
Le-Masurier, Megan (2015). “What is slow journalism?”. Journalism practice, v. 9, n. 2, pp. 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.916471
Le-Masurier, Megan (2016). “Slow journalism”. Journalism practice, v. 10, n. 4, pp. 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1139902
López-García, Xosé; Canavilhas, João; Negreira-Rey, María-Cruz; Vázquez-Herrero, Jorge (2022). “Political journalism in digital native media”. In: García-Orosa, Berta (ed.). Digital political communication strategies. Multidisciplinary reflections. Cham: Palgrave, pp. 59-74. ISBN: 978 3 030 81567 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81568-4_4
López-Gómez, Ernesto (2018). “El método Delphi en la investigación actual en educación: una revisión teórica y metodológica”. Educación XX1, v. 21, n. 1, pp. 17-40. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.20169
Lopezosa, Carlos; Codina, Lluís; Díaz-Noci, Javier; Ontalba, José-Antonio (2020a). “SEO and the digital news media: From the workplace to the classroom”. Comunicar, n. 63, pp. 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3916/C63-2020-06
Lopezosa, Carlos; García-Carretero, Lucía; Gonzalo-Penela, Carlos; Codina, Lluís (2020b). “Sistema de análisis (AVCIS) de la visibilidad en cibermedios mediante indicadores SEO”. In: Meso-Ayerdi, Koldobika; Peña-Fernández, Simón; Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara. Nuevos actores y estrategias en el espacio mediático compartido: XI Congreso internacional de ciberperiodismo. Bilbao: Servicio Editorial Universidad del País Vasco, pp. 185-204. ISBN: 978 84 1319 167-6 https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7433485
Lopezosa, Carlos; Trillo-Domínguez, Magdalena; Codina, Lluís; Cabrera-Méndez, Mar (2021). “El SEO en la empresa periodística: percepciones y elementos clave para su adopción en las redacciones”. Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 79, pp. 27-45. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1487
Mengual-Andrés, Santiago; Roig-Vila, Rosabel; Blasco-Mira, Josefa (2016). “Delphi study for the design and validation of a questionnaire about digital competences in higher education”. International journal of educational technology in higher education, v. 13, n. 1, p. 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-016-0009-y
O’Hagan, Anthony (2019). “Expert knowledge elicitation: Subjective but scientific”. The American statistician, v. 73, n. 1, pp. 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1518265
Peña-Ascacíbar, Gonzalo; Álvarez-Peralta, Miguel (2021). “Emergencia, innovación y consolidación de nuevos modelos para el periodismo digital: estudio de los casos de El Confidencial, elDiario.es e infoLibre”. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 593-606. https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.71245
Pérez-Seijo, Sara (2021). “Uso del vídeo 360º por los medios nativos digitales. Análisis exploratorio de los primeros pasos en el ecosistema periodístico español”. Profesional de la información, v. 30, n. 3, e300304. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.may.04
Plazas, Hugo-Alonso (2019). “Modalidades de la visión en dispositivos de visualización periodística online”. Revista Kepes, v. 16, n. 20, pp. 249-281. https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2019.16.20.11
Prawira, Indra; Rizkiansyah, Mariko (2018). “Search engine optimization in news production online: Marketing practice in Indonesia online news media”. Social sciences & humanities, n. 26, pp. 263-270.
Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Claudia; Rivera-Rogel, Diana; Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M. (2020). “Information quality in Latin American digital native media: Analysis based on structured dimensions and indicators”. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 135-145. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2657
Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M.; Aguaded, Ignacio (2017). “Toward a taxonomy of newspaper information quality: An experimental model and test applied to Venezuela dimensions found in information quality”. Journalism, v. 18, n. 10, pp. 1327-1345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916663596
Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M.; De-Casas-Moreno, Patricia; Torres-Toukoumidis, Ángel (2016). “Dimensions and indicators of the information quality in digital media”. Comunicar, n. 49, pp. 91-100. https://doi.org/10.3916/C49-2016-09
Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M.; Tejedor, Santiago; Castillo-Abdul, Bárbara (2021). “From the immediacy of the cybermedia to the need for slow journalism: Experiences from Ibero-America”. Journalism practice, v. 16, n. 8, pp. 1578-1596. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1870530
Salaverría, Ramón (academic editor) (2020a). Digital native news media: Trends and challenges. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2. Lisboa: Cogitatio Press. https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/issue/view/174
Salaverría, Ramón (2020b). “Exploring digital native news media”. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.3044
Salaverría, Ramón; Martínez-Costa, María-del-Pilar (2021). Medios nativos digitales en España. Caracterización y tendencias. Salamanca: Comunicación Social Ediciones y Publicaciones. ISBN: 978 84 17600600
Santos-Hermosa, Gema; Lopezosa, Carlos; Codina, Lluís (2022). “Analysis of interactivity in digital journalism”. In: Freixa, Pere; Codina, Lluís; Pérez-Montoro, Mario; Guallar, Javier (eds.). Visualisations and narratives in digital media. Methods and current trends. Barcelona: DigiDoc-EPI, pp. 13-25. ISBN: 978 84 120239 9 2 https://doi.org/10.3145/indocs.2022.2
Seyser, Doris; Zeiller, Michael (2018). “Scrollytelling – An analysis of visual storytelling in online journalism”. In: 22nd international conference information visualisation, pp. 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1109/iV.2018.00075
Stroobant, Joyce (2019). “Finding the news and mapping the links: a case study of hypertextuality in Dutch-language health news websites”. Information, communication & society, v. 22, n. 14, pp. 2138-2155. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1477971
Tejedor, Santiago; Pérez-Escoda, Ana; Ventín, Augusto; Tusa, Fernanda; Martínez, Fátima (2020a). “Tracking websites’ digital communication strategies in Latin American hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic”. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 17, n. 23, 9145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239145
Tejedor, Santiago; Ventín, Augusto; Cervi, Laura; Pulido, Cristina; Tusa, Fernanda (2020b). “Native media and business models: Comparative study of 14 successful experiences in Latin America”. Media and communication, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 146-158. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2712
Van-der-Nat, Renée; Müller, Eggo; Bakker, Piet (2021). “Navigating interactive story spaces. The architecture of interactive narratives in online journalism”. Digital journalism, first online. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1960178
Vázquez-Herrero, Jorge; Negreira-Rey, María-Cruz; López-García, Xosé (2019). “La innovación multimedia e interactiva en el ciberperiodismo argentino”. Revista de comunicación, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 191-214. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC18.1-2019-A10
Wurman, Richard-Saul (1997). Information architects. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN: 978 1 888 0013 8 9
Zelizer, Barbie (2009). The changing faces of journalism: Tabloidization, technology and truthiness. London: Routledge. ISBN: 978 0 415 7782 5 1
Zuluaga-Trujillo, Jimena; Gómez-Montero, Silvia-Marcela (2019). “Medios nativos digitales en América Latina: agenda, sostenimiento e influencia”. Chasqui. Revista latinoamericana de comunicación, n. 141. https://doi.org/10.16921/chasqui.v0i141.3333
